The emerging practice of combining kratom, a legal botanical, with opioid medication – often referred to as "Kratom Lean" – presents a complex legal grey area. Currently, the federally regulated status of kratom stays in flux, varying considerably by state and localities, while codeine’s controll

The growing popularity of novel chemicals presents substantial risks to individual health. These substances, often marketed as alternatives to prohibited drugs, are frequently unverified and the effects remain largely uncertain. The report aims to give critical data on understanding potential neg